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Research trends and patterns on emotional intelligence in education : a bibliometric and knowledge mapping during 2012–2021
(De Gruyter, 4-6-2024) Solih, Mohamed; Ahmed, Nasrulla; Moosa, Visal; Shareefa, Mariyam; Wider, Walton
The increasing rate of publications on emotional intelligence, especially regarding student learning, underscores the need to study research trends in this domain. This research utilizes bibliometric and science mapping analyses to generate an overview of research on emotional intelligence in education, using data sourced from SCOPUS. The terms “emotional intelligence,” “teaching,” and “education” were used as keywords for data search and retrieval. Data were analysed using various bibliometric indicators such as the number of publications, citations, collaborations, co-citation, and keywords. While descriptive statistics were used to analyse bibliometric indicators, bibliometric network analyses using VOSviewer were carried out for science mapping analyses. The findings indicate that while publication counts surged between 2012 and 2021, average citations remained constant. Despite Western predominance, Asia significantly contributed to research output. Notable collaboration was seen among Asian, Balkan, and European nations, but limited among individual authors. The keyword analysis informed major themes such as leadership skills, training, medical education, entrepreneurship, personality, special needs, and psychosocial aspects. Summarily, emotional intelligence in education has emerged as a globally acknowledged research area, and this work elucidates its thematic knowledge, offering insights for prospective researchers.
Transformational leadership practices and student satisfaction in an educational setting in Malaysia
(2013) Hassan, Zubair; Yau, Sagir
The purpose of this study is identifying the transformational leadership practices in an educational setting in Malaysia and its impact on students’ satisfaction. A sample size of 250 full-time students was randomly chosen from various faculties of the educational institution. A multi-factor leadership questionnaire with a Likert-Scale from 1-5 was used to collected the data to determine students perception of transformational leadership practices or behaviour displayed by lecturers and its influences on satisfaction. To ensure reliability and validity of the data set, sample size only includes students who have been with the educational institution for minimum one semester. The correlation analysis shows that all the TL behaviour including IA, IB, IS, IM and IC were significant and highly correlated with student satisfaction. However, multiple regression analysis shows only that TL behaviour of inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulations, and individual consideration were significant and positively influence student satisfaction level. We found that idealised attributes and behaviour were not significant. The current study contributes to the body of research by investigating the combined impacts of TL on student satisfaction using one instrument, in one area setting. This research shows that TL is crucial in improving student satisfaction. Future research should be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size by widening the research context to ensure validity and reliability of the results.
Managing insider issues through reflexive techniques : an insider-researcher’s journey
(The University of Waikato, 2013-01-01) Adam, Aminath Shafiya
Experiences of conducting research vary according to the researcher’s position in the research process. This paper discusses the experiences and valuable insights of a researching journey with colleagues who share commonalities with the researcher. This is often described as an insider-researcher’s experience, in which the researcher conducts research into intimately-known communities, such as one’s own profession, workplace, social grouping, or a specific aspect of their culture. Although it is possible to generally define the characteristics of an insider-researcher, the issues and challenges experienced by individual researchers vary according to their contexts. This paper highlights a number of issues and challenges which emerged during an ethnographic data collection process. These issues were primarily associated with the researcher’s own insider knowledge, entanglement, and role ambiguity. This paper describes these issues and how they were managed through several reflexive techniques such as writing a field-journal, the ‘think aloud’ approach, and diagramming. Exploring these issues and challenges may contribute to a wider understanding of insider-researcher perspectives in the research journey.
Customer perceived practice of CSR on improving customer satisfaction and loyalty
(2013-04-11) Nareeman, Aishath; Hassan, Zubair
The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices or initiatives on customer satisfaction and loyalty. A conceptual framework comprises of 4 elements (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropy) developed by Carroll (1991) is used to examine the CSR practices and its impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. A multivariate likert-scale questionnaire (scale from 1-6) has been developed with one additional dimension (customer satisfaction) and its impact on loyalty. A sample of 152 respondents has been used to collect the data using convenience sampling method. Regression and correlation analysis is conducted using SPSS 20 on both modified and full version of data-set to conform the results of analysis is consistent and accurate. Regression beta coefficient and correlation coefficients were generated to test the hypotheses and to establish the causal effects of economic, ethical, legal, philanthropy on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results shows that there is a significant and positive impact of CSR dimensions of economic, ethical, and philanthropy on both customer satisfaction and loyalty. The result shows a negative relationship between legal CSR dimensions and customer satisfaction and loyalty. This result is confirmed by correlation analysis as well, which is run on both full version and modified version of data-set generated after exploratory factory analysis. Also this research found that there is significant and strong positive relationship between improved customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study concluded that increasing perceived CSR practices such as economic, ethical and philanthropy CSR will improve both customer satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore manager at corporate sector should take initiatives to increase perceived CSR practices to improve customer satisfaction in order to retain and build loyalty of customer. Further research could be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size to test the legal dimension of CSR to confirm previous research finding.
Impact of CSR practices on customer satisfaction and retention : an empirical study on foreign MNCs in Malaysia
(2013-09-17) Hassan, Zubair; Nareeman, Aishath; Pauline, Namuwonge
The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of customer perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices or initiatives undertaken by foreign multinational retailers in Malaysia on customer satisfaction and retention. A conceptual framework comprises of 4 elements (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropy) developed by Carroll (1991) is used to examine the CSR practices and its impact on customer satisfaction and retention. A multivariate likert-scale questionnaire (scale from 1-5) has been developed with two additional dimensions (customer satisfaction and retention). A sample of 101 respondents has been used to collect the data using convenience sampling method. Regression and correlation analysis is conducted using SPSS 21 on full version of data-set to generate the results of analysis. Regression beta coefficient and correlation coefficients were generated to test the hypotheses and to establish the causal effects of economic, ethical, legal, philanthropy on customer satisfaction and retention. Also this study examines the impact of customer satisfaction on customer intention to retain with the business.
Perceived value of smartphone and its impact on deviant behaviour : an investigation on higher education students in Malaysia
(2013-11-03) Bakon, Kinn Abass; Hassan, Zubair
The purpose of this study is to identify a customer perceived value associated with Smartphone and examine its impact on student’s deviant behaviour. Also this study examines the impact of perceived value on students’ academic performances. A sample size of 122 full-time students were randomly chosen from various educational institutions. A multi-factor leadership questionnaire with a Likert-Scale from 1-5 was used to collect the data to determine customer perceived value associated with Smartphone and its impact on student deviant behaviour and performance. To ensure reliability and validity of the data set, the sample size only includes students who have been using a Smartphone for minimum of four months. Descriptive statistics shows that the most significant perceived value associated with Smartphone is functional value followed by emotional value and epistemic value. Social value was the least reason that students consider when purchasing and consuming a Smartphone. In terms of correlations, this study found that overall customer perceived value associated with smartphone is highly correlated with student deviant behaviour and performance. Also this study found that there is no significant correlation between emotional, epistemic and functional value with student deviant behaviour. This study only found a significant and positive relationship between perceived social value and student deviant behaviour. Also this study found no significant relationship between emotional value and functional value with student performance.
Cross-cultural adjustments and expatriate's job performance : a study on Malaysia
(2013-11-03) Hassan, Zubair; Diallo, Mahmoudou
The purpose of this study is identifying the impact of cross-cultural adjustments on expatriate’s job performance. A conceptual framework comprises of four (4) factors (cross-cultural training, organisational and family support, personality, and emotional intelligence) is used to examined the impact of cross-cultural adjustments on expatriate’s job performance. A multivariate likert-scale questionnaire (scale from 1-5) has been developed. A sample of 100 respondents has been used from five private colleges in Malaysia to collect the data using convenience sampling method. Simple linear regression and correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS 20. Regression beta coefficient and correlation coefficients were generated to test the hypotheses and to establish the causal effects of cross-cultural training, organisational and family support, personality and emotional intelligence on expatriate’s job performance. Also regression analysis was conducted on to establish the overall cross-cultural adjustments and its impact on expatriate’s job performance. The result of the research shows that personality and organisational and family support have significant and positive impact on improving expatriates job performance. The result shows a positive relationship between cross-cultural training, and emotional intelligence and expatriates job performance, although these relationships are not significant. However, the overall crosscultural adjustment has a significant and positive impact on expatriate’s job performance. Therefore this study concluded that improved cross-cultural adjustments would improve expatriate’s job performance, where personality, organisational and family support has most significant impact on performance. Therefore managers at education sector should take initiatives and pay more attention to the personality of expatriates during its recruitment of expatriates, which would enable them to perform better. Further research could be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size to test the all the cross-cultural adjustment initiatives to confirm previous research finding. Also future research should be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size by widening the research context to ensure validity and reliability of the results.
Cultural impact on teacher-educators' use of technologies in their pedagogical practices : a study in the Maldives
(The University of Waikato, 2014) Adam, Aminath Shafiya
A substantial body of literature discusses the complexity of integrating technology into teachers’ pedagogical practices. However, the literature provides limited understanding about the impact of teachers’ culture on their use of technologies. I argue that technological and pedagogical practices of teachers cannot be fully understood without considering the social and cultural norms of their specific cultures. This paper aims to explain the impact of Maldivian culture on teacher-educators’ technological and pedagogical practices. My research used an ethnographic methodology linked with Bourdieu’s (1977) habitus as a lens. The data were gathered from eleven teacher-educators who work in a Maldivian university context. The process of ethnography took place during two visits to the research site. In the first visit, I spent six weeks “hanging out”1 with the participants, interviewed them individually, and observed six participants’ classroom teaching. In the second visit, I spent five weeks hanging out and organised focus groups with ten participants. Accordingly, follow-up interviews were carried out with five participants to clarify the main understanding of teacher educators’ habitus. The finding was generated through various strategies adhering to grounded theory. Key findings demonstrated that teacher-educators’ technological and pedagogical habitus was influenced by the cultural practice related to their learning norms and some aspects of their institutional context. The study revealed that teacher-educators adopted specific technologies available in their workplace relying on benefits gained for their pedagogical purposes. However, these pedagogical purposes were much influenced by the social cultural norms of the Maldives. As a result, the participants formed technological (PowerPoint-assisted) and pedagogical (content-oriented) habitus. This study offers valuable insights for understanding the impact of culture and habitus on teachers’ practices and their use of technologies both in schools and university contexts.
Maldivian teacher educators’ cultural embodiment and the shaping of ICT habitus in their pedagogical practices
(The University of Waikato, 2014) Adam, Aminath Shafiya; Wright, Noeline
Bourdieu’s concept of habitus has been widely discussed as a means of understanding cultural habits and practices in various contexts. This article identifies some of the characteristics of Maldivian teacher educators (TE) in terms of their habitus when they incorporate information and communication technology (ICT) in their teacher education programmes. In the Maldives, education is, broadly, teacher-centric and exam-focused. The TEs have this deeply ingrained in their teacher education practices. The findings, generated through an ethnographic approach using narrative interviews, observations and focus group discussions, suggest that TEs generally adopt ICT to make their own roles more efficient without necessarily changing their pedagogy, thus embracing teachercentrism. This article highlights issues linking cultural capital and the formation of specific ICT habitus within this context, thus contributing to understanding of habitus as it applies to teacher education in the Maldives.
Do perceived cross cultural differences influences level of conflict and intention to leave? : a cross-sectional study on African students in Malaysia
(2014-04-12) Abdullahi, Abdul Rasheed Filiya; Hassan, Zubair
The purpose of this study is identifying the impact of cross cultural differences on student’s satisfaction and intention to leave the institution in future. A conceptual framework comprises of four (4) factors that are originally developed by Hofstede (1986) and further enhanced in 2001 by adding fifth dimension of Confucian dynamism was used to examined the impact of cross-cultural differences on level of conflict experienced by African students and their intention to leave the institution in near future. A multivariate likert-scale questionnaire (scale from 1-5) has been developed. Samples of 250 respondents were used from four private institutions in Malaysia to collect the data using random probability sampling method. Simple linear regression and correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS 22. Regression beta coefficient and correlation coefficients were generated to test the hypotheses and to establish the causal effects of collectivism, power distance, Masculinity and uncertainty avoidance. The research shows no significant influence of cross cultural differences on both student’s perceived level of conflict experienced inside and outside of the academic institution. Also this research found no significant impact of cross-cultural differences on student’s intention to leave, except power distance. This study shows that as student’s perceived differences in power distance increases, the intention to leave also increases. Similarly this research found that perceived level of conflict has a significant and positive impact on student’s intention to leave. Therefore this study concluded that cross-cultural differences do not have any significant impact on perceived level of conflict and student intention to leave except power distance. Power distance has significant and positive impact on student intention to leave. However if students experience more conflict, it may strongly influences students intention to leave. Therefore managers at education sector should take initiatives and pay more attention to reduce level of conflict that may arise between students and management, teaching staff and among students. This might help the institution to retain the students in longrun or until they complete the study. Also it is important that government of Malaysia to take initiatives to aware general public and relevant authorities in dealing with African students to reduce the level of perceived conflict in order to attract more students. Future research should be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size by widening the research context to ensure validity and reliability of the results.
Intellectual behavior of module tutors to predict student satisfaction and intention to leave : an empirical study from Malaysian private higher education institutions
(Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals, 2014-09-23) Hassan, Zubair
The purpose of this study is identifying the intellectual behaviour of module tutors and its impact on student’s satisfaction and intention to leave. A sample size of 151 full-time students was randomly chosen from various educational institutions. A multi-factor leadership questionnaire with a Likert-Scale from 1-5 was used to collected the data to determine students perception of intellectual behaviour displayed by module tutors at various level in key different academic institutions in Malaysia. Intellectual behaviour is measured using five variables namely idealised attributes, idealised behaviour, intellectual stimulations, inspirational motivation and individual considerations. These variables were initially established by previous studies as dimensions of transformational leadership. To ensure reliability and validity of the data set, sample size only includes students who have been with the educational institution for minimum one semester. The correlation analysis shows that all the in IA, IB, IS, IM and IC were significant and highly correlated with student satisfaction. However, this study found only IS is significant and negatively correlated with student’s intention to leave. Also this study found increased in level of satisfaction is significant and negatively correlated with intention to leave. In terms of multiple regression analysis, this study found that only idealised attributes (IA) and individual considerations (IC) were significant and positively influences students satisfaction. However, this study shows none of the variables of intellectual behaviour has any significant impact on student’s intention to leave. However, the increased level of satisfaction was found to have a significantly negative impact on student’s intention to leave. The current study contributes to the body of research by investigating the combined impacts of intellectual behaviour on student satisfaction using one instrument, in cross-sectional area setting. This research shows that intellectual; behaviour of transformational leadership is crucial in improving student satisfaction and intention to leave. Future research should be undertaken on different context or by increasing the sample size by widening the research context to ensure validity and reliability of the results.
Understanding teacher educators' pedagogical and technological cultural habitus (PATCH) in the Maldives
(The University of Waikato, 2015) Adam, Aminath Shafiya
The literature widely discusses the complexity of integrating technology in teachers’/teacher educators’ pedagogies, overlooking the impact of professionals’ culture when investigating their use of technologies in their practices. Bourdieu (1977) argues that people’s practices are embodied within their cultures; hence they form habitus through their past and present experiences both consciously and unconsciously. This paper argues that technological and pedagogical practices of professionals cannot be fully understood without considering their social and cultural norms of their specific cultures. This research was designed through an ethnographic approach linked with Bourdieu’s (1977) habitus as a lens for exploring teacher educators’ practices in the Maldives. The data was gathered from eleven teacher educators through interviews, observations, focus group discussions, and the hanging out activities in a Maldivian university context. The findings were generated using various strategies adhering to grounded theory for capturing an in-depth understanding of how teacher educators shaped their pedagogies. The paper presents two cases out of eleven teacher educators who participated in this research. Key findings demonstrated that teacher educators’ technological and pedagogical practice was influenced by their own culture, early learning experiences (social cultural), and their workplace (institutional culture). More specifically, the study indicated that teacher educators formed technological (PowerPoint-assisted) and pedagogical (content-oriented) cultural habitus by the influence of their social cultural norms in the Maldives. This study offers new theoretical understanding related to the impact of deep-seated cultural and context aspects on professionals’ practices and their use of technologies both in schools and university contexts.
Professional development for enhancing technology-integrated pedagogical practice : an ethnographic study in a Maldivian teacher education context
(The University of Waikato, 2015) Adam, Aminath Shafiya
A substantial body of literature discusses the complexity of integrating technology into teachers’ early established pedagogical practices. This paper examines technologyrelated professional development and its impact on teacher educators’ technological and pedagogical practices. The data were gathered from eleven teacher educators through an ethnographic approach that took place during two visits to the research site. With respect to the first visit, the researcher spent six weeks “hanging out” with the participants, interviewed them individually, and observed six participants’ classroom teaching. Then, with the second visit, the researcher spent five weeks “hanging out”, and organised focus group discussions with ten participants. Lastly, she had follow-up interviews to clarify and validate the main understandings. The findings were generated through various strategies adhering to grounded theory. Key findings identified two types of professional learning: one is formally designed by the institution and the other is which occurred informally between colleagues. The findings also suggest that teacher educators continued using digital technologies in their early established pedagogical practices without necessarily bringing a change to their approaches to teaching. This paper argues that the professional development does not help teacher educators change their pedagogical practices unless it is connected with their backgrounds and the context of practice.
The effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction : a study on four and five star hotels in Kuala Lumpur
(2015) Hassan, Zubair ; Emmanuel, Akinlolu Olumide
Transformational leadership is known to be an important perquisite for establishing and sustaining a satisfying relationship with the employees in different industries. There are few studies which have investigated the effect of Transformational leadership components on satisfaction of employees especially in Hotel Industry of Malaysia. Therefore, the present study intends to investigate the effect of Transformational leadership components (Charisma, Individual consideration, Intellectual stimulation) on employee satisfaction in Hotel Industry in Malaysia. In order to fulfill the objective of this study, a self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data from a randomly chosen sample of 100 receptionist office workers of 4 and 5 star hotels in Kuala Lumpur. The data collected was subjected to reliability test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Version 21.0. The research found that all of the Transformational leadership components which Charisma, Individual consideration, Intellectual stimulation positive and significant in influencing employee job satisfaction in Hotel Industry in Malaysia.
Employees ethical behaviour and its effect on customer satisfaction and retention : an empirical study on multinational fast food restaurants in Malaysia
(2015) Basnayake, Rachel; Hassan, Zubair
This study is to determine the effect of employees’ ethical behaviour on customer satisfaction and retention based on Malaysian fast food restaurants. This study employed a cross-sectional approach in undertaking this research. Data were collected from two fast food facilities namely Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) and Burger King. This study collected a sample of 216 through nonprobability sampling technique of convenient sampling from the two outlets. Questionnaires were given out to customers who have just exited the said establishments. A questionnaire with a likertscale rating 1-5 was used. To ensure reliability and validity, the questionnaires were first was checked by Cronbach’s alpha and principal components analysis through a pilot testing. The correlation analysis shows that the ethical behaviour of employees and the customer satisfaction as well as the customer retention are highly correlated. For the multiple linear regression analysis, all the independents numerical variables were entered. There is a positive and significant impact of employees’ ethical behaviour on customer satisfaction and customer retention as well as customers’ attitude towards the employees’ ethical behaviour. This study is important as it sheds light on the impact of employees’ ethical behaviour in the fast food industry in Malaysia and how it affects the customer satisfaction and retention of the outlet or store. Future research should be carried out to evaluate further into this area of study with either more various outlets to study or by using a different measure.
Impact Women on Board (WOB) on Firm’s financial Performance : a study of Malaysia’s public listed companies
(2015) Devi, Shamanie; Hassan, Zubair; Hamza, Sahibzada Muhammad
This study seeks to establish the impact women on board (WOB) towards the financial performance of Malaysia’s Public Listed Companies. This research were done on 52 companies of Public Listed registered in Bursa Malaysia which covered the period of 2010 to 2015, total observation of 260 firms/years. The independent variables to measure presence women on board include number women on board (NWOB), percentage women on board (PWOB) and number female non-executive directors (NFNED). The dependent variables used in this research are return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and return on capital employed (ROCE). The study adopted descriptive and explanatory research design. Also this study used a cross sectional and time series data collection approach that was analysed using E-views software. The observation of 260 firms/years was selected using simple random sampling. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive means, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression via E-views. Regression analysis was employed in examine the impact and influences of WOB. Thus, the findings shows that NWOB, PWOB and NFNED has significant relationship on ROA, ROE and ROCE, except found insignificant relationship between PWOB and ROA. Besides, variables PWOB and NFNED has positive impact on the three measure; ROA, ROE and ROCE but has negative impact from NWOB on the three financial measure. The uniqueness of this paper that the study of NFNED and ROCE as few research only done in this relationship.
Effects of technology on customer retention : a study on Tesco Malaysia
(2015) Folarin, Tolulope Olaide; Hassan, Zubair
The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of information technology on business, focusing on how information technology had enabled TESCO Malaysia to improve customers’ satisfaction and customers’ retention. The conceptual framework for this research was deduced from past researches (Lindh, 2005; Daneshvar and Ramesh 2010), it comprises of five independent variables which are, cost reduction, speedy process, communication and relationship, accessibility and convenience and two dependent variables which include, customers satisfaction and retention. The study adopted descriptive and explanatory research designs. Also this study used a case-study survey methods using a survey questionnaires containing 35 items with Likert Scale (Disagree -1 and 5 for Agree). The sample of 253 respondents (customers) from various TESCO retail outlets were recruited using self-selection sampling. The collected data was analysed using descriptive means and regression via SPSS.20. To ensure reliability and validity of the data set, the sample size only includes TESCO Malaysia’s Customers’ who had made use of TESCO Grocery Home Shopping Service. The Bivariate multiple regression result shows that all the IT enabled elements has a significant and positive impact on customers’ satisfaction except accessibility, which we found no significant influence on customer satisfaction. Also this research found a positive and significant influence of IT enabled elements on customer retention except cost and accessibility. Also this research shows that improved customer satisfaction has a significant and positive impact on customer retention. This study concluded that adoption of advanced information technology will maintain TESCO Malaysia’s competitive edge through customer satisfaction and retention. Therefore managers working in retail sector should take initiatives to promote the use of IT in order to enhance customers’ satisfaction and retention. Future research should involve several organizations from different sectors and make use of a larger sample that will improve the generalization of the effects of information technology on business.
The relationship between personality and team conflict
(2015) Fui, Low Dong; Hassan, Zubair
This study aimed to identify the relationship between personality and team conflict. This study employed a sectional approach in collecting data. Data were collected from one of the company in Melaka, Malaysia namely LTK Sdn Bhd. This study collected a sample of 100 full time employees using simple random probability sampling technique. A multicultural experience questionnaire with a likert-scale rating 1-5 was used. The data was processed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 for window. To ensure reliability and validity the questionnaire was checked by Cronbach’s alpha and principal components analysis. The correlation analysis shows that personality has positive and significant association with relationship conflict except openness of personality. Neuroticism of personality was found to have a positive and significant association with task conflict while other dimensions of personality were found to have positive but non-significant with task conflicts. Similarly this study found that neuroticism and agreeableness only is significant and positively associated with process conflict. Implication and suggestion for future research are discussed.
The influences of organizational culture on performance management
(2015) Ponnu, Alicia Lorraine Dorai; Hassan, Zubair
This study investigates the influence of organizational culture on performance management in insurance industry. Based on the work of Goffee, Jones, O’Reilly, Chatman and Caldwell a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed and data are collected from 100 employees at Zurich Insurance Malaysia using convenience sampling techniques. This study used five variables to measure organizational culture: adaptive perspective, communal, network, mercenary and fragmented culture. The results showed that there is an association or relationship between organizational cultures on performance management. The findings also showed that different types of organizational culture have different levels of acceptance of performance management. This means that certain type of organizational culture is acceptable and instills to improve performance. The results show that there is a significant and positives correlation between organizational cultures and performance management. Future studies may consider more insurance based organization to generalize the finding throughout the insurance industry. Also this study can be conducted on other sectors as well with some modification on the variable use to measure organizational culture.
Influence of human resource management practices on employee retention in Maldives retail industry
(2015-04) Imna, Mariyam; Hassan, Zubair
This study seeks to establish the influence of human resource management practices on employee retention. A questionnaire was developed based on pas literature and a pilot test was done to test the normality, reliability and validity of the scale. The independent variables to measure human resource management practices include career and development, training and development, performance appraisal, reward and compensation, and health & safety. The dependent variable used in this research is employee retention. The study adopted descriptive and explanatory research design. Also this study used a cross sectional survey methods using a survey questionnaires containing 30 items with Likert Scale (Disagree-1 and 5 for Agree). The sample of 254 employees from 14 retail outlets in Male’(capital city of Maldives) were selected using convenient sampling. The collected data was analysed using descriptive means and regression via SPSS. 20. This study found that three human resource practices such as career development, reward and recognition, and health and safety have a positive and significant impact on employee retention. This research did not find any significant influence of training and development nor performance appraisal on employee retention. However when training and development is linked with career development, there is a positive and significant influence on employee retention. Also when performance appraisal is linked with reward and compensation there is a positive and significant influence on employee retention.

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