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Being a dean in Maldives : academic leadership challenges
(2019-12-30) Waheeda, Aishath
The current study explored the challenges of effective academic leadership faced by deans in Maldivian Higher Education Institutes (HEI). A qualitative approach informed with grounded theory techniques was used in this study. Semi structured interviews were used for purposively selected deans (N=5) and academics (N=16) from seven different HEI in Maldives. The interview transcripts were thematically analysed and coded. The challenges of deans in practicing effective academic leadership in Maldivian HEI were found to be issues related to governance, academic leadership and personal capabilities. Suggestions for making the role more effective include, encouraging the distribution of leadership, providing leadership training, and, being more vigilant in dean recruitment based on professional and personal competencies.
Challenges of women leaders in higher education institutions in the Republic of Maldives
(2018-06) Waheeda, Aishath; Nishan, Fathmath
The underrepresentation of women in senior administrative positions in higher education institutions is found in many research studies across the world. Similarly, in the Maldives, the higher education sector is gender imbalanced with more males in higher positions than females. This study explored the challenges faced by women leaders in higher education institutions (HEIs) in the Republic of Maldives. The instrument used in this mixed methods research was a survey questionnaire of three sections, followed by interviews. Section One comprised of items for demographic information of the participants. Section Two comprised of 13 items on a five-point Likert scale of which item four required participants to denote whether being a woman in HEIs was challenging. Section Three of the survey questionnaire comprised an open-ended question which required participants to list their challenges in HEIs. The questionnaire was administered to randomly selected women leaders (N=12), from five HEIs in the Maldives. The data from item four of section two of the survey questionnaire were analysed for frequencies and percentages, while the data from the open-ended question in from section three of the survey questionnaire and the interviews were analysed thematically. The challenges experienced by women leaders in HEIs in the Maldives were found to be the heavy workload, lack of career development opportunities, voice not being heard, and lack of support. To empower women in HEIs in the Maldives, it is recommended for employers to offer flexible work schedules, focus on productivity, offer diverse professional development and training opportunities, provide mentorship and support networks, tackle persistent sex-discrimination, and strengthen pay equity.
Effect of cultural intelligence and learning style on leadership effectiveness : conceptual analysis
(TIJBM, 2020-06) Basit, Abdul; Sethumadavan, Sharmila; Hassan, Zubair
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Cultural Intelligence and Learning Style on Leadership Effectiveness among the leaders, particularly in banking sector. This study has proposed cultural intelligence and Learning Style as independent variables in this study. Leadership Effectiveness is the dependent variable. The study has reviewed various scholarly articles to examine the effect of cultural intelligence and learning style on leadership effectiveness. All the articles reviewed in this paper are empirical and conceptual papers design to collect quantitative data. Therefore, this conceptual paper intends to conduct the research among the bank leaders in Klang Valley in Malaysia. Based on the available literature it was found that cultural intelligence has a mixed result on leadership effectiveness. However, majority of the past research reported that cultural intelligence has a positive and significant effect on leadership effectiveness. From the review, it was also found that there is lack of studies examining learning style effect on leadership effectiveness particularly in Banking Sector. This study will contribute by establishing the link between cultural intelligence, learning style and leadership effectiveness simultaneously. Also, this study will be able to use by training and development of banking companies to design the training program to enhance, cultural intelligence and to adopt appropriate learning style to improve leadership effectiveness in Banking Sector, particularly in Malaysia. In this study, it was proposed to examine the effect of learning style and cultural intelligence on leadership effectiveness among the bank leaders simultaneously, while in the past cultural intelligence was conducted to examine the effect on leadership effectiveness, while there was a lack of literature on learning style and leadership effectiveness.
Nurturing academic leadership : a quest for the ideal academic leadership style for Maldives higher education
(Conscientia Beam, 2023) Waheeda, Aishath; Vasudevan, Asokan; Hai, Sam Toong; Balakrishnan, Rajani
Higher education leadership is an understudied area, especially at the departmental or faculty level. The current study explored preferred academic leadership styles as perceived by academic deans and their lecturers in Maldivian Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). A sequential explanatory mixed method design informed by postpositivist techniques was used in this study. In the first phase, the survey method was used to directly reach many respondents, administer the instruments and to collect the required data. from deans (N=20) and lecturers (N=170) from nine different HEIs. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 23 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as means, percentages, standard deviations, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficients. In the second phase, a qualitative approach was used to explain, validate and to triangulate the quantitative findings. This phase used semi-structured interviews for purposively selected deans (N=5) and lecturers (N=16) from seven different HEIs. The interview transcripts were thematically analyzed and coded using the template analysis method. The most preferred academic leadership styles in Maldivian HEIs were found to be transformational, distributed, and transactional leadership styles, respectively. To enhance academic leadership in HEIs in the Maldives, this study recommends academic leaders to use transformative and distributive leadership behaviors, which would also help HEIs in the skill development of academic deans.
Perception gap : academic leadership styles in Maldivian higher education institutes
(Asia Pacific Academy of Science, 2024-01-03) Waheeda, Aishath; Nishan, Fathmath
Leadership stems from recognition and acceptance, surpassing the mere reliance on their title. Research indicates varying perceptions of relationship values between leaders and followers. A leader’s crucial awareness of these differences prevents harm to the institution through disagreements that expose poor style and self-knowledge. This study examines the perception difference of deans’ leadership styles in Maldives higher education institutes using self-rating and their lecturers’ perceptions using followers rating. In this study, a sequential explanatory mixed-method design was used. The first phase collected data via surveys from deans and lecturers (N= 190) from nine different HEI, with SPSS used for analysis. The second phase included qualitative interviews with deans and lecturers (N= 21), which were evaluated using template analysis. The independent sample t-test was used to assess the difference in averages between two independent groups, leaders and lecturers. According to the data, there was a slight statistically significant difference between deans’ self-assessments of their own current leadership styles and lecturers’ ratings of their leaders’ existing leadership styles. On the other side, it was discovered that both leaders and lecturers like the same leadership approaches. The findings of this research study suggest institutes to focus on developing academic deans’ leadership styles based on followers’ perception. Leadership measurement should consider both leaders’ and subordinates’ perceptions to avoid flawed conclusions. Also, this study calls for academic deans to reflect on their leadership, acknowledge limitations, and engage in developmental activities for growth.
Prevailing leadership styles in change management : evidences from existing research
(2023-04-26) Moosa, Mariyam Dhooma; Moosa, Visal; Faheem, Shirmeena
Purpose: To study the evidences from the existing research regarding the prevailing leadership styles in change management. Theoretical framework: The study explored the various leadership styles by reviewing the existing literature. It identified various leadership styles like Autocratic, Authoritarian, Bureaucratic, Laissez-Faire, etc. It discusses the importance and difference among the various leadership styles. Design/Methodology/Approach: The secondary literature used for analysis came from previously published sources. SCOPUS, Dimensions, and Google Scholar were the databases used to gather the research. The final group of publications for analysis was screened using the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-PRISMA” guidelines. Twenty different resources were chosen for more research, thematic analysis was used extensively in this investigation. Findings: The findings of this research indicate a correlation between the two styles of “change management”: transformational and transactional leadership. The importance of the conventional bureaucratic styles of leadership declined. Not only do the results highlight the importance of leadership styles, but they also show that employee motivation is a key aspect in every successful business. Research, Practical & Social implications: This article suggested that a highly engaged workforce is essential to the success of any change management initiative. Eventually, it became clear that most leadership styles could be traced back to the theoretical frameworks that Great Man theorists and Kurt Lewin developed. Originality Value: This article is an academic contribution that allows an understanding that Great Man theory, Kurt Lewin’s paradigm having application in principle of contingency management while implementing transformations.
Relationship between the existing and ideal academic leadership styles in Maldivian higher education institutes
(2022-12-28) Waheeda, Aishath
This current study identified whether there is significant relationship between academic leaders existing leadership styles and ideal leadership style as perceived by academic leaders and lecturers in Maldivian Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). A total population sampling was used to collect survey data from deans (N=20) and lecturers (N=170) from nine different HEIs. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The relationship between practiced leadership styles and idealised leadership style was investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. It was found that there is a strong, positive correlation between the existing and ideal leadership styles, with high scores of existing leadership styles associated with high scores of ideal leadership styles. Hence, this study calls for academic deans to maintain the humanistic and collaborative leadership with their subordinates. Likewise, this study recommends autocratic and laissez- faire leaders to adjust their leadership approach to a more transformative and distributed approach, so that the subordinates can strive for something better, enabling them to translate vision and moral values into action, through strategic capability development and setting direction for subordinates.

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